@CONFERENCE{ 96:4,
  author = "Harvey A. Cohen",
  title = "Access and Retrieval from Image Databases Using Image Thumbnails", 
  booktitle = "Proceedings International Conf Signal Processing Applications, ISSPA",
  year  = 1996,
  pages = "427-428"
)

<@CONFERENCE{ 96.5,
  author = "Harvey A. Cohen",
  title = "Thumbnail-based Image Coding Utilising the Fractal Transform",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP'96, Lausanne, Switzerland, Sept 16-19, 1996",
  year = 1996,
  pages = "Vol 1, 145-148",
  abstract = " ABSTRACT
In thumbnail-based retrieval from image databases the display of any fully featured (FF-)  
image at a workstation is commonly preceded by  its  selection  from  a  display  of reduced-
size. thumbnail image ( T- image). The effective implementation of thumbnail-based retrieval 
requires that the data supplied for the T-image be efficiently utilised in the production of the 
FF- image. In this paper we describe two image codecs based on the fractal transform   that are 
thumbnail-based: one. called thumb fractal is a variant of block-oriented fractal coding: the 
other. vector quantization  via  fractal  transform,  VQFT.  For  both codecs  signed  correction  
tiles  are  derived  via  the  fractal transform. Both codecs have   as initial image the exploded 
thumbnail. to which VQFT applies correction tiles, while thumb fractal  iteratively  applies  
similar  correction  tiles  to  a  rapid convergence. Experimental data is presented for fixed range 
block size of 4x4. but is indicative of results for other  image blocking schemes, such as 
quadtreeIn thumbnail-based retrieval from image databases the display of any fully featured 
(FF-)  image at a workstation is commonly preceded by  its  selection  from  a  display  of 
reduced-size. thumbnail image ( T- image). The effective implementation of thumbnail-based 
retrieval requires that the data supplied for the T-image be efficiently utilised in the production 
of the FF- image. In this paper we describe two image codecs based on the fractal transform   
that are thumbnail-based: one. called thumb fractal is a variant of block-oriented fractal coding: 
the other. vector quantization  via  fractal  transform,  VQFT.  For  both codecs  signed  
correction  tiles  are  derived  via  the  fractal transform. Both codecs have   as initial image the 
exploded thumbnail. to which VQFT applies correction tiles, while thumb fractal  iteratively  
applies  similar  correction  tiles  to  a  rapid convergence. Experimental data is presented for 
fixed range block size of 4x4. but is indicative of results for other  image blocking schemes, 
such as quadtree"'
  Keywords = "fractal, image coding, thumbnail-based, thumbnail"

@CONFERENCE{ 96.7,
 author = "Harvey A. Cohen",
 title = "Image Restoration via N-nearest neighbour classification"'
 booktitle = "Proceedingss ICIP-96, 1996 IEEE International Conference on Image Processingi, Vol 1",
 year = "1996",
 pages = "1005-1007",
 abstract = "ABSTRACT
A novel and powerful perspective on image reconstruction
and restoration is to regard the computational objective as the
classification of corrupt (= unclassified) pixels using the
classification of the nearest uncorrupt (classified) pixels. In
N-nearest  neighbour  (NNN)  restoration,  the  distance
transform is used to determine the set of N-or-more classified
pixels which are as close, or closer, than the Nth nearest to
each corrupt pixel.   NNN classification includes classic
restoration  algorithms, but new  algorithms  are  implied,
especially for color and gray-scale images that are very sparse
or highly corrupt. We present experimental results for an
NNN restoration algorithm, for N=l using for nearest set
classification the median of the one-or-more nearest 'good'
neighbours.  At low corruption levels  this  algorithm is
equivalent to classic median filtering;  for images with
random pixel loss of 50% to 90%, satisfactory restoration has
been achieved for both gray-scale and colour images."'


 Keywords= "Image restoration, mathematical morphology, nearest neighbour "

}

@CONFERENCE{ 96:10,
  author = "Harvey A. Cohen",
  title = "The Gerrymander Problem in Vector Quantization",
  booktitle = "Proceedings Australian and New Zealand Conference Intelligent Information Systems, ANZIIS-96",
  year  = "1996",
  pages = "308-311",
  abstract = "In vector quantization applied to image coding the objective is to determine a set of code vectors 
  for the coding of the population vectors of an image. It is clear that each basis vector should represent 
  about the same number of population vectors, and no population vector should be very 
  badly represented. However, various VQ algorithms have a tendency to produce a 
  gerrymander, in which a few code vectors come to be the representative of many or 
  most population vectors, while at the same time  some code vectors represent very few 
  of the population. This situation, analogous to a political gerrymander, arises for 
  ill-chosen initial code vectors. We introduce a scheme, to be applied in conjunction 
  with iterative VQ algorithms, that blocks the development of a gerrymander. This new 
  algorithm involves the replacement of non-representative code vectors, by those 
  population vectors that are most poorly represented. Experimental data on the VQ of 
  gray-scale images using progressive (hard) c-means show that the scheme is most 
  effective, and marginally improved when applied in conjunction with the deliberate 
  duplication of the most popular code vector.",

  Keywords= "Vector quantization, improved algorithm, code vector convergence, image coding "

)

@incollection{You:95,
  AUTHOR = {J. You and W. P. Zhu and H. A. Cohen and E. Pissaloux},
  TITLE = {Real-Time Textured Object Recognition on Distributed Systems},
  YEAR = 1995,
  BOOKTITLE = {Image Analysis Applications and Computer Graphics},
  EDITOR = {R. T. Chin and H. H. S. Ip and A. C. Naiman and T.-C. Pong},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin,},
  PAGES = {99-106},
  KEYWORDS = {}}

@Article{you93,
author = "You, J., Cohen, H.A.",
title = {Classification And Segmentation Of Rotated And Scaled Textured
         Images Using Texture ``Tuned'' Masks"},
journal = {Pattern Recognition},
volume = "26",
pages = "245-258",
year  ="1993"}

@article{Cohen92,
author = {H.A. Cohen and J. You},
title = {A Multi-Resolution Texture Classifier Based On Multi-Resolution ``Tuned'' Masks}",
year  = "1992",
journal = "Pattern Recognition Letters},
volume = "13",
pages = "599-604"}

@CONFERENCE{ 82:1,
  author = "Harvey A. Cohen",
  title = "The La Trobe Talking Communicator for the Severely Disabled Speechless" 
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Ninth Australian Computer Conference",
  month = "August 23 - 27",
  year  = "1982",
  pages = "266-275",
  volume = "1",
  organization = "Australian Computer Society",
  address = "Hobart, Tasmania",
  ISSN = "0313-3311",
  editor = "A.H.J. Sale and G. Hawthorne"
  abstract = "The La Trobe Talking Communicator is a personal computer with video, speech, 
  and print output designed to meet the needs and capabilities of severely physically
  handicapped school children. Using specially designed keyboards, footswitches, or a
  suck/blow switch , the handicapped user makes selection of item and function  from 
  self-scanned menus displayed on a video monitor and/or voiced. Using the utility TALK,
  the non-vocal can compose, store, voice, and revise statements from menus of letters,
  words, phrases, and editing functions. Programming experience and artistic expression
  is offered by a one-key version of the OZNAKI language WHAM. Video games are used to 
  train users in keyboard operation. A battery of 10 Mark II Communicators is being 
  installed at the Yooralla Special School, Glenroy, Melbourne."   
)

@inproceedings{ 82:2,
  author = "Harvey A. Cohen and John Monro",
  title = "Computer Communication, Access, 
and Programming by Severely Handicapped Non-Speech Children" 
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Ninth Australian Computer Conference: Schools Symposium",
  month = "August 23 - 27",
  year  = 1982,
  pages = "266-275",
  volume = "1",
  address ="Hobart, Tasmania"
  editor = "Rosemary Welch",
  organization = "Australian Computer Society",
  ISBN = "0 909925 31 3",
  abstract = "The La Trobe Talking Communicator is a personal computer adapted to the physical
  capabilities of the severely disabled. The Talking Communicator offers not only a means
  of spoken communication and typing capability, with communication capability with other
  microcomputers. but through programming, in OZNAKI robotics languages, a means for the
  handicapped user to have a range of concrete operational experiences despite disability. 
  The system whereby a user who can only control one key-switch can optimally control the
  Talking Communicator is explained. The OZNAKI graphics language Apple ][ WHAM has been
  adapted to the l-key user offering exciting creative and artistic possibilities to severely
  handicapped."   
)

@inbook{ 80:1,
  author = "Harvey  Cohen",
  title = "Expanding Children's Concepts of Number, Space and Operations" 
  booktitle = "Creativity Across the Curriculum",
  editor = "Millicent Poole",
  series = "Classroom and Curriculum in Australia",
  publisher = "George Allen & Unwin",
  address = "Sydney"
  year  = 1980,
  pages = "147-162",
  volume = "1",
  ISBN = "0 86861 185 9",
  LCCN = "79-50136",
  abstract = "OZNAKI, the Polish word meaning 'symbols' is the code name for a project
  in which children learn to use the symbols of mathematics. In OZNAKI a symbol on a key
  denotes both a mathematical operation and a command directed ata mathematical robot called
  a NAKI. The activities of a NAKI model mathematical operations so that as children learn to
  control the NAKI, they are learning to use mathematics, Mathematical relations are modelled
  by real, observable effects, as children program the NAKI to move, sing, dance or lay a trail.
  As children advance through OZNAKI, they gain increasing opportunity to play, experiment,
  elaborate and develop their own mathematical creations."
}

@article{ 79:1,
  author = "Harvey A. Cohen and Rhys S. Francis",
  title = "Macro-Assemblers and Macro-Based Languages in Microprocessor Software Development",
  journal = "IEEE Computer",
  organization = "IEEE",
  year  = 1979,
  pages = "170-178",
  month = "February",
  issn =  "0018-9162",
  volume = "12",
  number = "2",
  abstract = "Although most advanced minis and mainframes boast an assembler with advanced macro
  facilities, only rarely is significant use mase of such facilities. Yet, as we explain in some 
  detail here, a macro-assembler is (almost)" a universal X-assembler. Moreover, through the
  development of an assembly-time stack for message passing between macros  (at macro-expansion
  time) a macro-assembler can serve as a universal X-compiler for higher-level languages.
  We exploited these macro-assembler capabilities in constructing a multi-target microprocessor
  development system resident on a DEC-10 mainframe. Developed for the Oznaki Educational Project,
  this system has as prime utilities CROZZ and HELL. The macro-assembler CROZZ supports the 8080, 
  6800, SC/MP and 6502 processors, and can be readily extended by the user to other target
  microprocessors. HELL - a "highly extensible luverly language" - is a special-purpose macro-based 
  language, with an Algol flavor. It yields code for the 8080 and 6800 processors, as well as the 
  DEC-10 mainframe.
  In order to meet in advance the challenges of minor hardware alterations ("update") in a
  particular microcomputer, and the challenge of transporting software from one microcomputer
  to another, we have developed a code development strategy called HELP. HELP involves a code
  partition scheme, with well-defined links between what we term algorithmic and interfacial code."
)

@CONFERENCE{ 79:2,
  author = "Harvey A. Cohen",
  title = "OZNAKI and BEYOND" 
  booktitle = "Proceedings of  National Education Computing Conference, NECC '79",
  organization = "The University of Iowa, Iowa"
  month         = "June",
  year  = 1979,
  pages = "170-178",
  volume = "1",
  editor = "D. Harris",
  address       = Iowa, USA",
  abstract = "OZNAKI, Polish for SYMBOLS, is the name of a project involving the use 
  of contemporary computer technology to further mathematical education In primary and 
  junior high schools. In OZNAKI, microprocessor technology has been used to construct 
  interactive models of mathematical systems. In these computer models, the student 
  programs the activities of robots called NAKIS which haven In addition to a body state 
  (vide the position, heading, and screen shape of the LOGO Turtle) a mind state having 
  memory for both commands and the local environment. A rather novel scheme is used for 
  passing numerical parameters to procedures without enforcing distinctions between
  formas and actuals. (i.e.: no " , : or the like indicator . The TINY languages In 
  which the student programs these NAKIs are Intended for implementation on exceedingly 
  low cost controllers; for the moment personal computers based on 8080 and 6300 
  microprocessors are used In school studies together with a minimum of specialised 
  project hardware. Inherently the Project has a special interest In the microprocessor 
  code production: update, and transport problem."   
)

@collection{ 79:3,
  author = "Harvey A. Cohen and Rhys S. Francis",
  title = "Macro-Assemblers and Macro-Based Languages in Microprocessor Software Development",
  booktitle = "Microprocessors & Microcomputers",
  editor ="Portia Isaacson",
  organization = "IEEE",
  year  = 1979,
  pages = "199-210",
  LCCN = "79-88282",
  abstract = "Although most advanced minis and mainframes boast an assembler with advanced macro
  facilities, only rarely is significant use mase of such facilities. Yet, as we explain in some 
  detail here, a macro-assembler is (almost)" a universal X-assembler. Moreover, through the
  development of an assembly-time stack for message passing between macros  (at macro-expansion
  time) a macro-assembler can serve as a universal X-compiler for higher-level languages.
  We exploited these macro-assembler capabilities in constructing a multi-target microprocessor
  development system resident on a DEC-10 mainframe. Developed for the Oznaki Educational Project,
  this system has as prime utilities CROZZ and HELL. The macro-assembler CROZZ supports the 8080, 
  6800, SC/MP and 6502 processors, and can be readily extended by the user to other target
  microprocessors. HELL - a "highly extensible luverly language" - is a special-purpose macro-based 
  language, with an Algol flavor. It yields code for the 8080 and 6800 processors, as well as the 
  DEC-10 mainframe.
  In order to meet in advance the challenges of minor hardware alterations ("update") in a
  particular microcomputer, and the challenge of transporting software from one microcomputer
  to another, we have developed a code development strategy called HELP. HELP involves a code
  partition scheme, with well-defined links between what we term algorithmic and interfacial code."
  note = "This article is essentially identical with the article of the same title published in IEEE 
  Computer, in February 1979. This version is here included in a book, comprising a selection of 21
  papers published in IEEE Computer from 1976 - 1979. The book wax republished in several editions.
)

@incollection{ 78:1,
  author = "H.A. Cohen and D.G.  Green",
  title = "Evaluation of the Cognitive Goals of OZNAKI: 
           Enhancement of Spatial Projective Abilities" 
  booktitle = "ACM   Topics   in Instructional  Computing",
  organization = "Association for Computing Machinery, ACM"
  editor = "A.M. Wildberger and R. G. Montanelli",
  year  = 1978,
  pages = "69-90",
  volume = "1",
  abstract = "The OZNAKI Project applies cognitive goa1s to the design of TINY robotics 
  languages and sequences of lessons in which students program simple robots and TV "block"
  graphics. One such lesson sequence, the "Projection Module" has been designed to 
  emphasize "projection" a fundamental spatial ability. The course was evaluated in a 
  study involving students aged 8 to 13 years. Experimental and control groups consisted 
  of students matched by age: class, and spatial ability (measured by pre-test), with no 
  previous OZNAKI experience. While the experimental group participated in OZNAKI lessons
  the control group had only their usual maths lessons. The pre- and post-tests took the 
  form of individual Piagetian interviews with the primary school students, and multi-choice
  questionnaires with the Junior high school students, thus giving two distinct studies.
  Significant enhancement of spatial abilities was found for the experimental group in 
  both the primary and the secondary studies."
}

@techreport{ 75:1,
  author = "Harvey A. Cohen",
  title = "The Art of Snaring Dragons" 
  booktitle = "M.I.T. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Memo 338",
  number = "338",
  year  = 1975,
  volume = "1",
  organization = "M.I.T. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory",
  abstract = "DRAGONS are formidable problems in elementary mechanics not amenable to 
  solution by naive formula cranking. What is the intellectual weaponry one needs to 
  snare a Dragon? To snare a Dragon one brings to mind an heuristic frame – a 
  specifically structured association of problem solving ideas. Data on the anatomy of
  heuristic frames – just how and what ideas are linked together – has been obtained 
  from the protocols of many attacks on Dragons by students and physicists. In this 
  paper various heuristic frames are delineated by detailing how they motivate attacks
  on two particular Dragons, Milko and Jugglo, from the writer’s compilation. This model
  of the evolution of problem solving skills has also been applied to the interpretation 
  of the intellectual growth of children, and in an Appendix we use it to give a cogent 
  interpretation for the protocols of Piagetian “Conservation” experiments. The model  
  provides a sorely needed theoretical framework to discuss teaching strategies calculated
  to promote problem solving skills."   
)